Large ground-based telescopes, in concert with unique data from the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, has traced the evolutionary history of galaxies back to a period when the Universe was only 1 billion years old. The first results from the Wide Field Camera 3 onboard Hubble Space Telescope give a glimpse at earlier stellar systems back to earlier times. I will address the prospects of exploring this final frontier with existing and upcoming facilities, including the Thirty Meter Telescope.