Quinta-Feira – 10/08/2006 – 11h – Auditório Principal, Bloco G – IAG/USP

Merav Opher

Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University/EUA

Título/Title: Surprises from the Edge of the Solar System: Voyager at the Final Frontier

Resumo/Abstract:

Our solar system presents a unique local example of the interaction between a stellar wind and the interstellar medium. As the Sun travels through the interstellar medium, it is subject to an interstellar wind. The heliosphere is created by the supersonic solar wind that abruptly slows, forming a termination shock as it approaches contact with the interstellar medium at the heliopause. After 27 years of anticipation, in 2004 December 16, Voyager 1, crossed the termination shock, at 94AU, and began exploring the heliosheath. The twin Voyager spacecraft is probing the northern and southern hemispheres of the heliosphere. Voyager 1 is now beyond 98AU, while Voyager 2 is beyond 78 AU. As Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock, and began exploring the heliosheath it becomes increasingly clear that this previously unexplored region is full of surprises. These include the startling absence of the anomalous cosmic ray source as had been widely anticipated, the unusually slow and even sunward flow of the solar wind in the heliosheath, and the unexpected direction of the magnetic field downwind of the shock. In mid 2002, Voyager 1 began observing strong energetic beams of termination shock particles, streaming outward along the spiral magnetic field upstream the shock. This led to the suggestion that the termination shock is a blunt structure, and Voyager was approaching it at a lower longitude than the nose. Recently we showed that that an interstellar magnetic field can produce a north/south asymmetry in solar wind termination shock, shock consistent with Voyager 1 observation of the direction of streaming of the particles. These recent surprises indicated that a global understanding of the heliosphere is crucial. In this talk we will review the current understanding of the edge the solar system, indicate predictions of what Voyager 2 will encounter, and directions of research to probe the global structure of the heliosphere.

 

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